Astaxanthin, an antioxidant carotenoid, is orally supplemented for potential skin, eye, exercise, and cardiovascular benefits with possible mild side effects.
Astaxanthin is a naturally occurring carotenoid with potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It is derived from microalgae and other marine sources or can be synthetically produced. Oral supplementation is commonly used for potential benefits related to skin health, eye health, exercise performance, and cardiovascular health. While generally considered safe, potential side effects include skin pigmentation and gastrointestinal upset. Individuals with hormone-sensitive conditions should exercise caution. Dosing usually ranges from 4-12 mg daily.
Key Information
Inside Body Harmful Score
Common Dosage
4-12mg daily
Source Type
natural
Production Process
Astaxanthin can be sourced from microalgae (Haematococcus pluvialis), yeast (Phaffia rhodozyma), crustaceans (shrimp, krill, lobster), and some types of fish. Commercial production primarily involves cultivation of Haematococcus pluvialis, followed by extraction and purification processes. Synthetic astaxanthin is also produced, primarily for aquaculture.
Use Type
Inside BodyPotential Benefits
Promotes healthy skin and reduces signs of aging.
Improves physical capabilities during exercise by enhancing strength, endurance, and recovery. This leads to better athletic performance and body composition.
Supports cardiovascular health.
Enhances and maintains optimal eye function and health by supporting clear vision, reducing the risk of age-related eye diseases, and protecting against environmental stressors. Benefits may extend to improved night vision and reduced eye strain.
Antioxidants protect cells from damage caused by free radicals, reducing inflammation, and promoting overall health. They neutralize these unstable molecules by donating electrons and preventing them from damaging cellular structures.
Possible Side Effects
May cause mild digestive discomfort.
Maca may affect hormone levels, potentially causing imbalances. Individuals with hormone-sensitive conditions should exercise caution.
High doses may lead to a reddish skin pigmentation. The discoloration is likely caused by substance accumulation in the skin.
Scientific Evidence
Ambati R, Phang SM, Ravi S, Aswathanarayana RG. Astaxanthin: sources, extraction, stability, biological activities and its commercial applications--a review. Mar Drugs. 2014 Jul 7;12(1):128-52. doi: 10.3390/md12010128. PMID: 24402174; PMCID: PMC3917265. Davinelli S, Nielsen ME, Scapagnini G. Astaxanthin in Skin Health, Repair, and Disease: A Comprehensive Review. Nutrients. 2018 Apr 22;10(4):522. doi: 10.3390/nu10040522. PMID: 29695037; PMCID: PMC5946307. Fassett RG, Coombes JS. Astaxanthin in cardiovascular health and disease: Mechanisms of action. Cells. 2012 Nov 21;1(4):1219-38. doi: 10.3390/cells1041219. PMID: 24714734; PMCID: PMC3974845. Sztretye M, Dweik M, Miko E, Toth T, Halmosi R, Benko R, Facsko A, Horvath I, Pecsi-Szabo D. Astaxanthin: A Comparative Review of Astaxanthin Sources and Extraction Methods. Plants (Basel). 2023 Dec 3;12(23):3963. doi: 10.3390/plants12233963. PMID: 38067669; PMCID: PMC10707812.
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