Sodium benzoate is a synthetic preservative widely employed to inhibit microbial growth and extend the shelf life of liquid supplements, foods, and cosmetics. While generally regarded as safe by regul...
Sodium benzoate is a synthetic preservative widely employed to inhibit microbial growth and extend the shelf life of liquid supplements, foods, and cosmetics. While generally regarded as safe by regulatory bodies within established limits, potential adverse effects include allergic reactions, a possible association with hyperactivity in children particularly in conjunction with artificial colorings, and the potential for benzene formation in the presence of ascorbic acid. Regulations are in place to minimize the risk of benzene formation through control of concentrations and storage conditions.
Key Information
Inside Body Harmful Score
Outside Body Harmful Score
Common Dosage
Typically used at levels up to 0.1% in foods and beverages; dosage in supplements varies.
Source Type
synthetic
Production Process
Sodium benzoate is produced by the reaction of benzoic acid with sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate. Benzoic acid itself is produced commercially by partial oxidation of toluene with oxygen.
Use Type
BothPotential Benefits
This benefit inhibits microbial growth in liquid supplements, preventing spoilage and extending shelf life. It ensures product quality and safety for consumption.
Possible Side Effects
Benzene formation is the production of benzene, a carcinogen, from substances or their breakdown. This can occur when preservatives like benzoic or sorbic acid degrade in the presence of Vitamin C, metal ions, and heat/light, posing cancer risks.
Hyperactivity in children presents as ADHD-like symptoms including increased motor activity, difficulty concentrating, and impulsiveness, potentially affecting social and academic well-being. This side effect can be difficult to distinguish from age-appropriate behaviors.
Allergic reactions are hypersensitivity responses to allergens, ranging from mild skin irritation to life-threatening anaphylaxis. Symptoms vary widely and are caused by an immune response.
Hyperactivity involves excessive activity, restlessness, and difficulty concentrating. It can be a side effect of medications or substances and may disrupt daily activities.
Scientific Evidence
FDA GRAS status; EFSA assessments; scientific studies on benzene formation and hyperactivity in children.
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