Birth Defects

Birth defects are structural or functional abnormalities present at birth, arising from genetic or environmental factors. Exposure to teratogens during pregnancy, especially the first trimester, poses a significant risk.

Birth defects encompass a wide range of structural or functional abnormalities present at birth, including physical malformations, developmental disabilities, and genetic disorders. These defects can result from genetic factors, environmental exposures (e.g., certain medications, infections, radiation, toxins), nutritional deficiencies during pregnancy, or a combination of these factors. The specific type and severity of birth defects vary greatly depending on the causative agent and the stage of fetal development during exposure. Examples include neural tube defects (spina bifida, anencephaly), heart defects, cleft lip/palate, limb abnormalities, and Down syndrome. Exposure to teratogenic substances during the first trimester is particularly risky, as this is when major organ development occurs. The impact on the child can range from mild and correctable conditions to severe and life-threatening impairments.