Manganism (Neurological Effects)

Manganism is a neurodegenerative condition similar to Parkinson's disease caused by chronic manganese overexposure, mainly through inhalation. It results in tremors, muscle rigidity, and psychiatric disturbances.

Chronic overexposure to manganese, primarily through inhalation (e.g., occupational exposure), can lead to manganism, a neurodegenerative condition similar to Parkinson's disease. Symptoms include tremors, muscle rigidity, psychiatric disturbances, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), postural instability, gait disturbances ('cock-walk' gait), dysarthria (speech difficulties), and dystonia. Cognitive impairment and neuropsychiatric changes such as irritability, anxiety, depression, and hallucinations can also occur. The condition is typically progressive and irreversible, even after cessation of exposure.